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Iraq Leather workers win strike for back wages, 2009

Summary

In 1987, the Iraqi government under Saddam Hussein passed Resolution 150 which prohibited public sector workers from organizing independent trade unions. [source: nv-database]

Though this policy had yet to be replaced following Hussein’s removal from power, public sector workers began organizing nonetheless. [source: nv-database]

Tactics used

Tactics used

  • protests

Background

In 1987, the Iraqi government under Saddam Hussein passed Resolution 150 which prohibited public sector workers from organizing independent trade unions. [source: nv-database]

Though this policy had yet to be replaced following Hussein’s removal from power, public sector workers began organizing nonetheless. [source: nv-database]

One such group that sparked a number of other labor groups to mobilize was the leather workers who led a strike in 2009 with the Federation of Workers’ Councils and Unions of Iraq (FWCUI). [source: nv-database]

On 6 October, the leather workers participated in a peaceful demonstration along with a series of demonstrations and marches organized by other workers of the Ministry of Industry. [source: nv-database]

The demonstration took place in the International Zone of Baghdad where the demonstrators were confronted by armed troops who opened fire on them. [source: nv-database]

After this violent incident, authorities agreed to meet the demands of the leather workers: payment of back wages, payment of safety benefits, and the settlement for those fired for political reasons under the Hussein regime. [source: nv-database]

The authorities’ promise proved empty, however, and on 13 October, the leather workers announced and launched a new strike from “The Public Enterprise for Leather Production”. [source: nv-database]

The strike continued and on 3 November, the FWCUI called for an expansion of the leather industries strike into other industries. [source: nv-database]

Union activists distributed pamphlets at numerous other companies. [source: nv-database]

Through this, the leather workers were able to - Payment of back wages from 1 January 2008 - Payment of safety benefits - Settlements for those fired for political reasons during Saddam’s regime [source: nv-database]

What happened

authorities agreed to meet the demands of the leather workers: payment of back wages, payment of safety benefits, and the settlement for those fired for political reasons under the Hussein regime. The authorities’ promise proved empty, however, and on 13 October, the leather workers announced and launched a new strike from “The Public Enterprise for Leather Production”. The strike continued and on 3 November, the FWCUI called for an expansion of the leather industries strike into other industries. Union activists distributed pamphlets at numerous other companies. Through this, the leather workers were able to gain support by the cotton workers, though many employers prohibited their employees from participating by preventing them from leaving the building. Finally, on 21 November, administrators agreed to release back wages and reveal the details of payroll and accounting. Further settlements were reached in early December when the leather workers were promised a 25%-30% increase to their salaries for working in hazardous conditions. Referring to their experience with the empty promises on the part of the authorities from the 6 October demonstrations, the leather workers insisted on continuing their strike until they had received the money in cash. On 7 December, the strike was successfully concluded with all of the leather workers having been paid their stipend in cash. Because union organization continued to grow stronger after this victory, however, the Ministry of Industry exercised their power by transferring strike leader and FWCUI president Falah Alwan to another location so as to limit the union’s organizing abilities. Research Notes [source: nv-database]

Key people & organizations

  • Sa’ad Issa and Munadhil Atiya, leaders of the leather workers’ committee of the Federation of Workers’ Councils and Unions of Iraq (FWCUI) and FWCUI President Falah Alwan [source: nv-database]
  • Cotton industry workers [source: nv-database]
  • Opponents: Enterprise of Leather Industries and Iraq’s Ministry of Industry [source: nv-database]
  • Classification: Change [source: nv-database]

Outcome

Verdict: won.

The campaign counted as many as 1500 members participating in the movement and drew in the support and participation of many other labor organizations. [source: nv-database]

GNVAD scoring: survivalgoals=1 out of 1 points, total points=9 out of 10 points, growth=2 out of 3 points [source: nv-database]

Lessons

  • Sustained nonviolent action can shape public perception and force concessions even when immediate demands are not met.
  • Cross-class, cross-sectarian, or cross-partisan coalitions amplify reach and dilute regime repression.

Sources

Disclaimer: Included as a teaching example of campaign craft, not as an endorsement.

Sources & verification

  • nv-database — grounding: primary — license: link-only
  • Last verified: 2026-07-04

Last verified: 2026-07-04