Wikipedia (ES) – Campaña política
Summary
The Spanish Wikipedia article Campaña política defines a political (or electoral) campaign as an organised effort to influence a group’s decision, and is useful for its historical framing and its compact “three components” model — mensaje, dinero, activismo (message, money, activism). Wikipedia content is CC BY-SA, so we paraphrase and attribute.
Body
The article defines a campaña política o campaña electoral as an organised effort to influence the decision of a process within a group; in democracies this usually means an electoral campaign that chooses representatives or decides a referendum, but the term also covers efforts to change the policy or ideology of any institution [source: wikipedia-campana-politica].
Historically, the article stresses that political campaigning is as old as humanity and not limited to democratic or governmental institutions, giving examples such as the 5th-century-BC effort to execute or exile Socrates from Athens and the 13th-century revolt of the nobility against John of England [source: wikipedia-campana-politica]. It identifies the first modern political campaign as British Prime Minister William Gladstone’s Midlothian Campaign of 1876–1880s — a series of speeches, some over five hours long, on British foreign policy toward Ottoman atrocities against Bulgarians — noting that candidates of that era began using political-marketing techniques such as banners, buttons, flags and pamphlets carrying their slogans and platforms, along with the printed press and public speeches to reach a wider audience [source: wikipedia-campana-politica].
The article reduces the campaign to three principal components — mensaje (message), dinero (money) and activismo (activism) — and states that the strategic combination of these elements is what produces campaign success in many cases [source: wikipedia-campana-politica].
Use it for
A Spanish-language definitional reference; the mensaje / dinero / activismo triad as a simple teaching frame; historical context showing that campaigning predates modern democracy.
Related
- campaigns-vs-movements
- citizen-lobbying
- civil-resistance
- coalition-building
- constructive-programme
- framing-and-narrative
- incidencia-politica
- pillars-of-support
- power-mapping
- spectrum-of-allies
- the-campaign-cycle
- the-tactic-star
- theory-of-change
- three-and-a-half-percent-rule
Learn more
- On Wikipedia: Campaña política — CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources & verification
- sources/wikipedia-campana-politica — cc-attribution (CC BY-SA) — RAW (6,253 chars; mediawiki-api)
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