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Methods

The wiki’s method library, grouped by pillar. Every method is a distilled page linked to its source(s); every case study cites the methods it used. See examples for worked examples.

By pillar

Strategy & power-building (111)

  • Adult Learning — Adult learning is the pedagogical discipline of designing instruction for adult learners rather than children. The practitioner tradition —
  • Advocacy Strategy — Advocacy strategy is the design of an evidence-based, sequenced plan to change public policy, law, or institutional practice — combining
  • After Action Review — An After Action Review (AAR) is a short, structured team debrief built around four questions — *What did we expect? What actually happened?
  • Agile for Campaigns — Agile for campaigns borrows the sprint-and-retrospective discipline from agile project management: short, time-boxed work cycles with a visi
  • Ambition Box — The Ambition Box is a campaign-strategy exercise developed by Chris Rose: a structured comparison between the campaign’s realistic amb
  • Amnesty International — Amnesty International is a global human-rights organisation — a transnational advocacy network with more than 10 million members worldwi
  • Audience Segmentation — Audience segmentation splits the campaign’s full audience into named groups — target, decision-maker, base, persuadable, media, implementer
  • Behavioral Science in Campaigns — Behavioral science in campaigns is the application of behavioral-economics findings (defaults, friction, framing, social proof, commitme
  • Boomerang Pattern — The boomerang pattern is Keck & Sikkink’s term for what happens when a domestic NGO, blocked by a repressive state, loops out through in
  • Broad-Based Organizing — Broad-based organizing is the Alinsky / IAF tradition of building coalitions across congregations, unions, and neighborhood associations so
  • Budget and Controlling — Budget and controlling is the discipline of linking money, people-time and other resources to the campaign’s objectives — and tracking the g
  • By level
  • By mode
  • By source type
  • By tradition
  • Campaign flow (diagrammatic) — media smoke-test
  • Campaign Math — Campaign math is the quantitative discipline of modeling a campaign’s target — win number, vote deficit, persuasion/turnout/registration
  • Campaign Planning — Campaign planning is the work of converting a theory of change into an executable arc — sequenced phases, named objectives, owned workstream
  • Campaign Project Management — Campaign project management is the day-to-day operating system: workstreams, roles, milestones, dependencies, change control, and a regular
  • Campaign Training — Campaign training is the practice of structured curricular delivery to develop the skills campaigners need to run, scale, and win campai
  • Campaigning Wiki
  • Campaigns vs Movements — A campaign has a specific target, demand and timeline; a movement is the broader, durable infrastructure that runs many campaigns and surviv
  • Citizen Lobbying
  • Civic Design — Civic design is the discipline of designing ballots, polling-place materials, and voter-information artifacts so that the citizen can co
  • Civil Resistance — The strategic use of nonviolent mass action to challenge a power-holder — distinguished from one-off protests by its sustained, organised, o
  • Coalition Building — The deliberate work of bringing distinct organisations and constituencies together behind a shared campaign demand — the move from single-or
  • Coalition-Building Across Sectors — The practice of building a coalition that crosses traditional sectoral boundaries — labour, environment, human rights, faith, professional —
  • Cognitive Framing — Cognitive framing is the discipline — now an applied research field with dedicated research organisations — that frames (mental structur
  • Constructive Programme — The Gandhian idea that a movement must build the alternative society it wants alongside its resistance to the existing one — through paral
  • Contentious Politics — Contentious politics is the academic frame — developed by Charles Tilly, Sidney Tarrow, and Doug McAdam — for sustained collective claim
  • Contribute
  • Contribution Analysis — Contribution analysis is the honest answer to did we cause this? — it builds a credible story of how the campaign contributed to a cha
  • Copyright & Licensing
  • Corporate Campaigning — Corporate campaigning is the citizen-side counterpart to corporate lobbying: tracking, exposing, and pressuring corporate power as a cam
  • Critical Path and Timeline — The timeline / critical path makes the campaign plan visible on a calendar: which tasks come first, which depend on which, and which *cannot
  • Cycles of Protest — Cycles of protest is the empirical pattern — codified by Sidney Tarrow and elaborated across social-movement scholarship — that contenti
  • Daubanes & Jean-Marie — Julien Daubanes (HEC Lausanne) and Aude Jean-Marie (University of St Andrews, formerly MIT CEEPR) — co-authors of the *Theory of NGO Activis
  • Direct Action — Direct action is the broadest category of nonviolent activist intervention: sit-ins, blockades, occupations, mass marches, civil-disobed
  • Door-to-Door Canvassing — Door-to-door canvassing is the practice of in-person voter contact — visiting homes to persuade, identify supporters, recruit volunteers
  • Electoral System Design — Comparative electoral-system design — the choices a democracy makes about how votes translate into seats (plurality, PR, mixed), district si
  • Evaluation — Evaluation is the discipline of asking, at planned moments, *did the campaign do what it set out to do, and what does that teach the next on
  • Financial Controlling — Financial controlling is the discipline of tracking actuals against the budget as the campaign runs, so surprises are caught early and the t
  • Force-Field Analysis — Force-field analysis (Lewin) tallies the driving forces pushing toward a change against the restraining forces holding the status quo, a
  • Framing and Narrative — Framing is the choice of language, metaphor and emphasis that makes an issue legible and motivating to a specific audience; narrative is the
  • Frequently Asked Questions
  • Gantt Charts — A Gantt chart is a visual project planning tool that plots tasks against calendar time, showing each task’s start date, end date, duration,
  • Glossary — Glossary of the wiki’s 52 campaigning terms. Every entry links to its full
  • Governance — Campaign governance is the discipline of stating in advance who decides what — strategy shifts, public statements, budget reallocations, coa
  • Human Rights Campaigning — A branch of campaigning that uses the international human-rights framework — treaties, monitoring bodies, naming-and-shaming reports, and tr
  • Human Rights Watch — Human Rights Watch (HRW) is a New York-based international non-governmental organisation that investigates and reports on state and non-stat
  • Incidencia Política — Incidencia política (political advocacy / policy influence) — the Spanish-language umbrella term for organised citizen attempts to change
  • International Solidarity — The practice of campaigners in one country lending active support to a campaign in another — through solidarity statements, financial suppor
  • Kanban for Campaigns — Kanban — visible To do · Doing · Done columns on a board, with a limit on work-in-progress — is the lightweight flow-control discipline fo
  • Kathryn Sikkink — Kathryn Sikkink — political scientist, co-author with Margaret Keck of Activists Beyond Borders (1998), the foundational text on transnati
  • Keck & Sikkink — Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink — political scientists at Johns Hopkins and Cornell who co-authored Activists Beyond Borders (1998), the
  • KPIs and Dashboards — KPIs and dashboards turn the campaign’s evaluation plan into a small, owner-assigned set of indicators that the team reads at a regular cade
  • Learning Resources
  • Lobbying Transparency — Lobbying transparency is the policy-and-infrastructure practice of making corporate and interest-group influence on public decisions visible
  • Logframe (Logical Framework / Results Chain) — The logframe is a matrix that lays out the results chain — Inputs → Activities → Outputs → Outcomes → Impact — with indicators, means of
  • Margaret Keck — Margaret Keck is a political scientist who co-authored Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Cornell
  • Media Advocacy — The strategic use of mass-media channels — broadcast, online video, op-eds, talk-radio, podcasts — to change the public narrative around a p
  • MEL Framework for Campaigns — A Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (MEL) framework decides what to measure at each level of the campaign’s results chain, how, and how th
  • Microtargeting — Microtargeting is the campaign practice of using voter-file data, demographic model outputs, and persuasion/turnout propensities to dire
  • Milestones — A milestone is a significant checkpoint in the campaign plan — a moment when a meaningful chunk of work is complete and the team assesses wh
  • Momentum Model — The Mark and Paul Engler’s “momentum-driven organising” model — combining structure-based community-organising with mass-mobilisation capaci
  • Most Significant Change (MSC) — Most Significant Change (MSC) is a qualitative, story-based evaluation technique that systematically collects accounts of change from those
  • Movement Action Plan — Bill Moyer’s Movement Action Plan (MAP) is a model of how social movements move from a triggering event through stages of growth to success.
  • Nonprofit Management — Nonprofit management is the operational discipline of running a 501(c)(3) (US) or equivalent non-profit organisation — the financial, lega
  • OKRs (Objectives and Key Results) — OKRs pair one qualitative, inspiring Objective with 2–4 quantitative Key Results that prove you reached it — a quarterly-rhythm goal sys
  • Open Civic Tech — Open civic tech is the practice of building civic-information infrastructure — voter-information sites, candidate databases, legislative
  • Organizing vs. Mobilizing — Organizing builds durable relational structures that develop leaders and shift power over years; mobilizing activates existing supporters fo
  • Outcome Harvesting — Outcome Harvesting starts from observed changes — outcomes — rather than planned activities, and works backwards to determine whether and
  • Outcome Harvesting and Most Significant Change — Two qualitative methods built for messy, emergent advocacy: Outcome Harvesting works backwards from observed changes to ask whether the ca
  • Oxfam — Oxfam is registered here as an umbrella source pointer for Oxfam International’s poverty, inequality, humanitarian-response, and climate-jus
  • Party-Building — The long-horizon work of building and maintaining a political party — the durable infrastructure that runs electoral campaigns across many c
  • Paths
  • Perception Gaps — Perception gaps is an empirical research program — most associated with the international nonprofit More in Common — that documents the
  • PESTLE Analysis — PESTLE is a structured environmental scan across six lenses — Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Env
  • PESTLE Scan — A PESTLE scan is a structured sweep of the external environment across six lenses — Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Envir
  • Pillars of Support — Pillars of support are the constituencies that hold up the target — the people and institutions whose continued consent, compliance or resou
  • Political Consulting Ethics — Political consulting ethics is the discipline of professional conduct for political consultants — disclosure norms, refusal rules for un
  • Power Analysis — Power analysis is the diagnostic discipline of naming the actors in a campaign’s environment — base, targets, allies, opposition, neutra
  • Power and Relational Outcomes — Power and relational outcomes are the things that outlast the campaign — new leaders developed, relationships and trust built, organisationa
  • Power Mapping — Power mapping is the analytical practice of identifying who has power over your target, who influences them, and who could be moved — the fo
  • Problem Tree (root-cause analysis) — A problem tree is a causal diagram with the core problem as the trunk, its causes as roots, and its effects as branches. It is the dia
  • RACI (Responsibility Assignment) — A RACI matrix assigns, for each task or decision, who is Responsible (does it), Accountable (owns it — exactly one person), Cons
  • Reading List — A curated annotated bibliography for the campaigning wiki — organized by the planning/management/method section each title best serves. All
  • Research Methods for Campaigns — The set of methods a campaign uses before launch — and during — to ground its analysis in evidence: desk research, stakeholder interviews, p
  • Resource Mapping — Resource mapping is the inventory of everything the campaign can draw on — money, people/skills, in-kind (spaces, equipment), relationships,
  • Risk Management — The discipline of naming what could go wrong, who owns the response, what the trigger is and what the contingency looks like — before the ca
  • Risk Register — A risk register is a living table of everything that could go materially wrong in the campaign — each risk rated by likelihood and impact, w
  • Six-Phase Movement Cycle — The six-phase movement cycle (also called the Movement Cycle Framework) is a strategic-diagnostic model used by movement-building or
  • SMART Goals — SMART goals force a vague campaign ambition (“change policy”, “build power”) into a single, time-stamped, measurable sentence that a team ca
  • Solidarity Economy — A solidarity economy is the constructive side of movement strategy: mutual aid, cooperatives, shared resources, and democratic economic prac
  • Spectrum of Allies — The spectrum of allies is a one-axis map of every actor relevant to your target, ordered from active opponent → passive opponent → neutral →
  • Stakeholder Analysis — Stakeholder analysis names every actor who can affect or is affected by the campaign, scores them on power, interest and position, and turns
  • Stakeholder Mapping — Stakeholder mapping visualises every actor who affects or is affected by the campaign — decision-makers, allies, opponents, influencers, ben
  • Strategic Capacity — Strategic capacity is the organization’s ability to make and execute strategic choices — choosing the right target, the right demand, the ri
  • Strategic Effectiveness Method — The Strategic Effectiveness Method (SEM) is New Tactics in Human Rights’ five-step framework for building a strategy that fits the political
  • Strategy Chart (Midwest Academy) — The Midwest Academy strategy chart is a one-page planning grid with five columns — Goals · Organisational considerations · Targets · Allies
  • SWOT Analysis — SWOT is the structured four-quadrant scan of internal Strengths/Weaknesses against external Opportunities/Threats. It is most useful as a 60
  • Targeting and Messaging — Targeting and messaging is the campaign’s discipline of deciding which audience to address with which message. The two halves are couple
  • The Campaign Cycle — The campaign cycle is the recurring arc a campaign moves through — research, planning, action, evaluation — usually iterated several times b
  • The Tactic Star — A Commons Library planning tool — a five-pointed star (goals, resources, audience, timing, risk) for choosing and assessing tactics.
  • Theory of Change — A theory of change is the explicit, testable if/then chain from activities to outcomes to long-term impact, with every “because” stated out
  • Theory of NGO Activism — Daubanes and Jean-Marie’s 2016 economic model of NGO activism: NGOs choose among strategies (information, legal, market, political) in respo
  • Three-and-a-Half-Percent Rule — The empirical finding (Chenoweth & Stephan, Why Civil Resistance Works) that no movement failing to mobilise at least ~3.5% of a populatio
  • Transnational Advocacy Networks — Keck and Sikkink’s 1998 framework for understanding how domestic NGOs, international NGOs, and states interact across borders — and how a bl
  • Values Based Segmentation — Chris Rose and Phil Bennett’s values-based segmentation (CDSM) — a UK psychographic framework that divides the public into three motivationa
  • Work Breakdown Structure — A work breakdown structure (WBS) decomposes the campaign into phases → workstreams → tasks, with milestones marking the end of each mean
  • Youth Vote — Youth-vote organising is the campaign practice of mobilising first-time and infrequent voters under 30 — through registration drives, peer-t

Organizing & people-power (30)

  • Activist Wellbeing — Activist wellbeing is the broader practice — personal and organisational, preventive and restorative — of designing activism so that it sust
  • Boycotts and Strikes — The two most-used economic noncooperation methods — consumer/worker withdrawal of participation or purchase, in support of a demand.
  • Collective Care — Collective care is the discipline of building the care infrastructure — emotional, physical, organisational, political — that a group needs
  • Consensus Decision-Making — Consensus decision-making is a meeting form in which a group seeks substantive agreement (or, in its consent variant, agreement that no one
  • Digital Organizing — Digital organizing is the practice of using internet-era communication, data, and platform tools to do the upstream organising work — list-b
  • Distributed Organizing — Distributed organizing is the practice of giving thousands of supporters meaningful, discrete, peer-coordinated actions to take, rather than
  • Facilitation — Facilitation is the craft of designing and holding a group process so that participants can do the work — analyze, decide, build, plan — bet
  • Grassroots Fundraising — Grassroots fundraising is the practice of funding a campaign from many small individual donations rather than a few large ones — the financi
  • Labour and Union Campaigning — The practice of organising workers to win improvements through collective action — strikes, contract campaigns, sectoral bargaining, transna
  • Leadership Development — The practice of identifying potential leaders in a community, investing in them, and progressively giving them more responsibility inside th
  • Mass Meeting — A mass meeting is the community-organizing campaign’s launch event — a 60-120 minute public gathering that builds the campaign’s first commi
  • Methods of Nonviolent Management — Methods of nonviolent management — the proposed cluster that applies nonviolent discipline to organisational governance, decision-making,
  • Movement Coaching — Movement coaching is the long-term, peer-to-peer practice of investing in the experienced organisers who train and resource social movements
  • Mutual Aid — Mutual aid is the practice of neighbors providing material support to each other — food, childcare, rent, transportation, healthcare — witho
  • One-to-Ones — A one-to-one is a structured 30–60 minute relational conversation — the atomic unit of community-organizing campaign work. The organizer lis
  • Participatory Techniques — Participatory techniques are the named, codified methods — sociodramas, murals colectivos, el árbol de problemas, Phillips 6/6, *déb
  • Popular Education — Popular education (educación popular in Spanish, éducation populaire in French) is the political-educational tradition that runs from Pa
  • Popular Planning — Popular planning is the practice of building a campaign plan with the community rather than for it — the Latin-American popular-educatio
  • Protection Planning — Protection planning is the organisational discipline of mapping threats, vulnerabilities, and capacities for a social organisation or a defe
  • Public Narrative — Public narrative — Marshall Ganz’s story of self / us / now — is the discipline of motivating action by linking a speaker’s personal choic
  • Relational Organizing — Relational organizing is the practice of supporters recruiting their own networks into the campaign — turning each contact into a peer-recru
  • Relational Organizing Technology — The stack of digital tools, platforms, and disciplines that supports relational organising — the upstream work of building committed leaders
  • Rent Strikes — A rent strike is the collective withholding of rent by tenants of a building or block — coordinated, time-bound, and conditional on a landlo
  • Security Culture — Security culture is the set of habits, norms, and shared expectations a group develops to protect its members, its operations, and its infor
  • Supporter Journey — The supporter journey is the staged model of how a person moves from a cold contact (a name on a list, a door knocked) through conversation,
  • Tenant Organizing — Tenant organizing is the practice of building collective power among renters of a building, block, or city to negotiate with landlords, pres
  • Union Organizing — Union organizing is the practice of building collective worker power in a workplace — through one-on-ones, committee formation, issue campai
  • Volunteer Management — The practice of recruiting, training, retaining, and progressively giving responsibility to volunteers — the operating system of any campaig
  • Voter Contact and GOTV — The set of methods campaigns use to reach individual voters — door-knocking, phone-banking, peer-to-peer texting, relational organising, mai
  • Workshop Design — Workshop design is the planning discipline that precedes facilitation in the room — the choice of objective, the structuring of time and ene

Tactics & creative action (82)

  • Action Planning — The discipline of designing a single, time-bounded direct action — choosing the target, tactic, affinity group, role assignments, risk and d
  • Alternative Communication System — Alternative Communication System is method 180 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under Social Intervention — the
  • Alternative Social Institutions — Alternative Social Institutions is method 179 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under Social Intervention — the c
  • Assemblies Of Protest Or Support — Assemblies Of Protest Or Support is method 47 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under Public Assemblies — the mas
  • Banners Posters And Displayed Communications — Banners Posters And Displayed Communications is method 8 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under *Communications wi
  • Blockades — A direct-action tactic in which participants physically occupy a site, road, or entrance to deny access to the target — sitting, linking, lo
  • Boycott Of Elections — Boycott Of Elections is method 124 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under *Citizens’ Noncooperation with Governmen
  • Campaign Action Library — Campaign action library is the discipline of curating a structured, reusable catalogue of ready-to-run campaign actions — fiches, tactic
  • Candlelight March — A nighttime protest march in which participants carry lit candles — typically in memory of a victim of state violence, in solidarity with a
  • Civil Disobedience — Deliberate, public, accountable refusal to obey an unjust law — accepting the legal consequence in order to expose the injustice and force a
  • Creative Action — The umbrella term for arts-based, symbolically-charged, and culturally-resonant tactics — banners, performance, public occupations, guerrill
  • De-escalation — The discipline of reading rising tension early and acting in the seconds-to-minutes window before a conflict between protesters and police (
  • Declarations By Organizations And Institutions — Declarations By Organizations And Institutions is method 3 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under *Formal Statemen
  • Declarations Of Indictment And Intention — Declarations Of Indictment And Intention is method 5 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under Formal Statements —
  • Defiance Of Blockades — Defiance Of Blockades is method 184 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under Economic Intervention — the construct
  • Demonstrative Funeral
  • Deputations — Deputations is method 13 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under Group Representations — the face-to-face-delegat
  • Destruction Of Own Property — Destruction Of Own Property is method 23 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under Symbolic Public Acts — the visib
  • Dilemma Actions — A dilemma action is a tactical action designed so that every response by the target is costly to the target — the campaign wins whichever
  • Displays Of Flags And Symbolic Colors — Displays Of Flags And Symbolic Colors is method 18 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under Symbolic Public Acts —
  • Displays Of Portraits — Displays Of Portraits is method 25 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under Symbolic Public Acts — the visible-sym
  • Escalation — The deliberate sequencing of tactics from low-cost/high-volume to high-cost/high-risk, so each step raises the cost of the target’s inaction
  • Establishing New Social Patterns — Establishing New Social Patterns is method 174 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under Social Intervention — the
  • Fraternization — The deliberate cultivation of friendly, human contact between a movement and the individuals the opponent relies on to enforce its will — so
  • General Strike — General Strike is method 117 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under Multi-Industry Strikes — the peak-leverage s
  • Group Lobbying — Group Lobbying is method 15 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under Group Representations — the face-to-face-dele
  • Group Or Mass Petitions — Group Or Mass Petitions is method 6 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under Formal Statements — the institutional
  • Hartal — A hartal (from Hindi / Urdu, “locking of shops”) is a pre-announced, time-bounded mass shutdown of normal economic and civic life — used a
  • Highway Blockade — A physical obstruction of a major road, motorway, or highway — by bodies, vehicles, felled trees, burning tyres, or other barriers — designe
  • Human Chain — A continuous line of people, often holding hands or linking arms, formed across a route, around a site, or around a perimeter — used to phys
  • Humorous Skits And Pranks — Humorous Skits And Pranks is method 35 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under Drama and Music — the cultural-per
  • Hunger Strike — Hunger Strike is method 159 in Gene Sharp’s 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, listed under Psychological Intervention — the bodily-risk
  • Jail Solidarity — The pre-planned support structure that keeps arrestees fed, charged-free, and visible while in custody and wins their release — jail support
  • Know Your Rights — The pre-action discipline of knowing and practicing the legal rights that apply at the moment a protester meets the police — jurisdiction-ta
  • Leaflets, Pamphlets and Books — Leaflets, pamphlets and books are method 9 in Gene Sharp’s 198 methods of nonviolent action — a written-protest form that distributes the ca
  • Legal Observers — The trained volunteer role that attends an action in high-visibility identification, observes police-public contact in real time, records ev
  • Letters of Opposition or Support — Letters of opposition or support are method 2 in Gene Sharp’s 198 methods of nonviolent action — written communications sent by individuals
  • Long March
  • Marches — A march is a group of demonstrators walking together along a public route to make a public claim — one of Sharp’s 198 methods of nonviolent
  • Mass Rally
  • Methods of Nonviolent Action — The canonical taxonomy of nonviolent action — Gene Sharp’s 198 methods, organised into three categories: *nonviolent protest and persuasio
  • Motorcade
  • Naming and Shaming — Naming and shaming is an information tactic: a campaign publicly identifies a target, links that target to a documented harm, and tries to m
  • Newspapers and Journals — Newspapers and journals are method 10 in Gene Sharp’s 198 methods of nonviolent action — the operation of movement-aligned or movement-contr
  • Noncooperation — The middle tier of Sharp’s taxonomy (methods 55–157) — withholding consent, participation, or resources from a target’s systems. Where most
  • Nonviolent Direct Action — The deliberate use of nonviolent methods — strikes, boycotts, sit-ins, blockades, occupations, and creative performances — to apply pressure
  • Nonviolent Interjection — Nonviolent interjection is method 171 in Gene Sharp’s 198 methods of nonviolent action — a deliberate, non-destructive insertion of people o
  • Nonviolent Obstruction
  • Nonviolent Occupation — A nonviolent occupation holds a public, symbolic, or operational space — Sharp’s method 173 — to disrupt business as usual, draw sustained a
  • Paint As Protest — Paint As Protest — Sharp’s method 26 (Paint as protest), one of the 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action: the symbolic display of paint, graff
  • Peer-to-Peer Texting — Peer-to-peer (P2P) texting is a volunteer-driven SMS outreach discipline in which individual senders message individual recipients from a sh
  • Performances of Plays and Music — Performances of plays, music, or other art in public to communicate a campaign message — Sharp’s method 36 (*Performances of plays and music
  • Phone Banking — Phone banking is the volunteer-driven practice of calling a list of contacts from a campaign’s voter or member file, following a structured
  • Political Mourning — Political Mourning — Sharp’s method 43 (Political mourning), one of the 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action: the public display of grief for
  • Prayer and Worship — Public prayer or worship as a form of witness — Sharp’s method 20 (Prayer and worship), one of the 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action, class
  • Professional Strike
  • Protest March
  • Protest Marshals — The visible, calm layer of trained volunteers at a protest who hold the line between the crowd and the police — accountable to affinity grou
  • Protest Meetings — Protest Meetings — Sharp’s method 48 (Protest meetings), one of the 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action: a public gathering in which particip
  • Public Campaign
  • Public Speeches — The public speech as a campaign instrument — the historically most common medium for movement leaders to reach the median voter, declare a p
  • Refusal Of Public Support — Refusal Of Public Support — Sharp’s method 121 (Refusal of public support), one of the 198 Methods of Nonviolent Action: the deliberate wi
  • Refusal to Accept Appointed Officials — Refusing to recognise or cooperate with officials appointed by an opponent — Sharp’s method 131 (Refusal to accept appointed officials), o
  • Revenue Refusal
  • Sick-in — A sick-in is a coordinated mass sick-leave action in which workers or students collectively call in sick on the same day to disrupt an insti
  • Signed Public Statements — Signed public statements are written declarations issued in the name of an organisation, institution, or coalition — bearing the signatories
  • Singing — Singing is collective vocal performance of songs, hymns, anthems, or chants as a public form of nonviolent action. In Sharp’s 198 Methods ta
  • Sit-Down
  • Sit-in — A sit-in is a group of protesters occupying a space by sitting and refusing to leave. In Sharp’s 198 Methods taxonomy it is method 162 under
  • Slogans Caricatures And Symbols — Slogans, caricatures, and symbols are short-form written, drawn, or visual artefacts that compress the campaign’s message into a memorable f
  • Social Disobedience — Social disobedience is the deliberate withdrawal of cooperation from the social events, customs, and institutions of a community as a form o
  • Speak In — A speak-in is a coordinated gathering of campaigners at a public meeting, hearing, or assembly where they speak in turn during the open-micr
  • Strategic Litigation — Strategic litigation is the deliberate use of a legal case as one track in a wider campaign: the case may seek a precedent, disclosure, dela
  • Structure Tests — A structure test is a small, deliberately provocative action designed so that the stakeholder can either comply (revealing they could) or re
  • Student Strike
  • Symbolic Acts
  • Symbolic Reclamations — Symbolic reclamation is the act of re-using, renaming, or re-purposing a symbol, name, sign, or space originally controlled by an opponent s
  • Taunting Officials — Taunting of officials is the deliberate verbal harassment, ridicule, or shaming of named office-holders as a form of nonviolent pressure on
  • Teach Ins — A teach-in is a prolonged public meeting — usually held on a university campus or at a community venue — combining lectures, panels, and ope
  • Vigils — A vigil — a sustained, often silent, presence at a fixed site for an extended period (candles, names, photographs) to honour the dead, mark
  • Wearing Of Symbols — Wearing of symbols is the public display of a campaign’s identifying colour, badge, ribbon, armband, or item of clothing as a low-cost, dura
  • Withdrawal From Social Institutions — Withdrawal from social institutions is the deliberate refusal to continue participating in the institutions of a community — clubs, churches

Digital & civic tech (10)

  • Civic Tech — Civic technology — the design and use of digital tools (open data, participatory platforms, organising apps, transparency dashboards) to str
  • Computational Ad Analysis — Computational ad analysis is the academic-research discipline of applying text-classification, image-classification, and content-analysi
  • Data Protection for Campaigns (GDPR) — The general data-protection obligations under the EU’s GDPR (and the UK GDPR / Swiss FADP) that affect how campaigns collect, store and use
  • Digital First Aid — The emergency-response discipline for activists whose accounts, websites, or devices are under active attack — a do-it-yourself counterpart
  • Digital Security — The practice and pedagogy of protecting activists, their data, devices, communications and organisations from digital surveillance, harassme
  • Encrypted Email — The practice of protecting email content and credentials from interception, account compromise, and metadata exposure. The 2026 choice is be
  • Networked Movements — The theory and practice of movements that organise through digital network technologies (social media, encrypted messaging, peer-to-peer tex
  • Nonprofit / NGO Technology Discounts — A curated directory of technology discount, donation, and grant programs for nonprofit, NGO, and charity organisations — with the **decisive
  • Petitions and E-Campaigning — Petitions and e-campaigning are digital methods for mobilising large numbers of supporters quickly: signature collection, email-to-target, p
  • Secure Messaging — The practice of protecting one-to-one and group communications against interception, device seizure, metadata exposure, and social-engineeri

Legal, regulation & lobbying (5)

  • Bürgerbegehren — The German Bürgerbegehren (popular initiative) — a formal, legally regulated procedure by which citizens can compel a municipal or state p
  • Charity Political-Activity Rules — The rules — varying by jurisdiction — that govern how much political activity a registered charity (or its equivalent) may conduct, with att
  • Protest Law (DE) — The patchwork of German federal and state laws governing public assembly, demonstration, and protest — the legal baseline any German campaig
  • Protest Law (ES) — The Spanish and Latin American legal regimes governing protest, with attention to Spain’s Ley Orgánica de Seguridad Ciudadana (2015, “ley
  • Protest Law (FR) — The French legal regime governing public demonstration — based on the 1881 liberté de réunion framework and the 1995 LOPS law, with signif

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